Silurian is a period with the shortest duration in Phanerozoic except for the Neogene and
Quaternary. It represents an important and unique interval when the biotic diversity …

Molecular studies suggest that the origin of jawed vertebrates was no later than the Late
Ordovician period (around 450 million years ago (Ma)) 1, 2. Together with disarticulated …

Mandibular teeth and dentitions are features of jawed vertebrates that were first acquired by
the Palaeozoic ancestors,–of living chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. The fossil record …

Modern representatives of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) and osteichthyans (bony
fishes and tetrapods) have contrasting skeletal anatomies and developmental trajectories …

The skull is a vertebrate novelty. Morphological adaptations of the skull are associated with
major evolutionary transitions, including the shift to a predatory lifestyle and the ability to …

The Siluro-Devonian adaptive radiation of jawed vertebrates, which underpins almost all
living vertebrate biodiversity, is characterized by the evolutionary innovation of the lower …

Although relationships among the major groups of living gnathostomes are well established,
the relatedness of early jawed vertebrates to modern clades is intensely debated. Here, we …

Major groups of jawed vertebrates exhibit contrasting conditions of dermal plates and
scales. But the transition between these conditions remains unclear due to rare information …

The anterior end of the mammalian face is characteristically composed of a semimotile nose,
not the upper jaw as in other tetrapods. Thus, the therian nose is covered ventrolaterally by …

Computed tomography (CT) has become very widely used in scientific and medical research
and industry for its non-destructive and high-resolution means of detecting internal structure …