In cooperative, connected, and automated mobility (CCAM), the more automated vehicles
can perceive, model, and analyze the surrounding environment, the more they become …

This article provides a review of the production and uses of maps for autonomous driving
and a synthesis of the opportunities and challenges. For many years, maps have helped …

Surveying and robotic technologies are converging, offering great potential for robotic-
assisted data collection and support for labour intensive surveying activities. From a forest …

Recent developments in sensor technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), radar, and …

Research on autonomous vehicles has made significant advances in recent years. To
operate an autonomous vehicle safely and effectively, precise localization is essential. This …

Many studies in the field of robot navigation have focused on environment representation
and localization. The goal of map representation is to summarize spatial information in …

The recent advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as well as
increasing demand for vehicular safety has led to significant progressions in Autonomous …

To support safe driving and automatic operation, collecting and providing information are
important in intelligent transport systems (ITSs). Information and communication technology …

Map-matching based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a promising method for
accurate self-localization and recently has gained a wider focus due to the availability of …

High accuracy vehicle localization information is critical for intelligent transportation systems
and future autonomous vehicles. It is challenging to achieve the required centimeter-level …