Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding
effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is …

Renewable energy sources are expected to provide viable alternative solutions for water
desalination to address the issues of high-energy consumption and negative environmental …

Desalination can help to alleviate the fresh-water crisis facing the world. Thermally driven
membrane distillation is a promising way to purify water from a variety of saline and polluted …

The principle of electrodialysis (ED) desalination was first presented in 1890 by Maigrot and
Sabates, and its development into industrial scale started for more than 50 years ago. The …

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water desalination technology for removing
different ionic species from water, which is based on electric charge compensation by these …

Nowadays, the growing world population, climate change, pollution, rising consumer
demand, and resource exploitation have contributed to a freshwater shortage. Hence, water …

The last decade has seen a worldwide increase in the use of alternative energy sources,
especially renewable energy (RE), including its application in desalination. In the past many …

Emerging technologies present many new possibilities for diversifying the desalination
industry, which is currently dominated by thermal desalination, and reverse osmosis. In this …

The utilization of seawater for drinking purposes is limited by the high specific energy
consumption (SEC)(kW-h/m 3) of present desalination technologies; both thermal and …

Electrodialysis, a membrane separation method, uses an electrical potential difference to
separate ions in aqueous solutions. Electrodialysis is used in several industries for the …