Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Addiction is a disease in which, after a period of recreational use, a subset of individuals
develops compulsive use that does not stop even in light of major negative consequences …

Long-term use of drugs can sometimes result in brain damage that greatly affects a person's
psychology and sometimes become indecent. This paper examines psychological disorders …

In the past few decades, the field of neuroepigenetics has investigated how the brain
encodes information to form long-lasting memories that lead to stable changes in behaviour …

Repeated cocaine use induces coordinated changes in gene expression that drive plasticity
in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important component of the brain's reward circuitry, and …

The current study expands on and integrates previous theoretical models concerning the
pathways that link child maltreatment to substance use disorder. The proposed model …

The United States is in the midst of a horrific problem. The rampant misuse of opioid drugs
(both prescribed and illegal), now known as the Opioid Crisis, has had grave effects on both …

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder. Multiple neural networks in the brain
including the reward system (eg, the mesocorticolimbic system), the anti-reward/stress …

The role of stress, trauma, and adversity particularly early in life has been identified as a
contributing factor in both drug and food addictions. While links between traumatic stress …

Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications
for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections …