The calculating brain

A Nieder - Physiological Reviews, 2025 - journals.physiology.org
The human brain possesses neural networks and mechanisms enabling the representation
of numbers, basic arithmetic operations, and mathematical reasoning. Without the ability to …

The role of the angular gyrus in arithmetic processing: A literature review

HM Sokolowski, AA Matejko, D Ansari - Brain Structure and Function, 2023 - Springer
Since the pioneering work of the early 20th century neuropsychologists, the angular gyrus
(AG), particularly in the left hemisphere, has been associated with numerical and …

The neural correlates of retrieval and procedural strategies in mental arithmetic: A functional neuroimaging meta‐analysis

HM Sokolowski, Z Hawes, D Ansari - Human Brain Map**, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Mental arithmetic is a complex skill of great importance for later academic and life success.
Many neuroimaging studies and several meta‐analyses have aimed to identify the neural …

Cortical representations of numbers and nonsymbolic quantities expand and segregate in children from 5 to 8 years of age

T Nakai, C Girard, L Longo, H Chesnokova… - PLoS Biology, 2023 - journals.plos.org
Number symbols, such as Arabic numerals, are cultural inventions that have transformed
human mathematical skills. Although their acquisition is at the core of early elementary …

Shared numerosity representations across formats and tasks revealed with 7 Tesla fMRI: decoding, generalization, and individual differences in behavior

ED Wilkey, BN Conrad, DJ Yeo… - Cerebral Cortex …, 2020 - academic.oup.com
Debate continues on whether encoding of symbolic number is grounded in nonsymbolic
numerical magnitudes. Nevertheless, fluency of perceiving both number formats, and …

[HTML][HTML] Numerical Cognition Across the Lifespan: A Selective Review of Key Developmental Stages and Neural, Cognitive, and Affective Underpinnings

M Skagenholt, K Skagerlund, U Träff - Cortex, 2025 - Elsevier
Numerical cognition constitutes a set of hierarchically related skills and abilities that develop–
and may subsequently begin to decline–over developmental time. An innate “number …

[HTML][HTML] The role of the intraparietal sulcus in numeracy: a review of parietal lesion cases

E Duricy, C Durisko, JA Fiez - Behavioural Brain Research, 2025 - Elsevier
Prominent theories of numeracy link the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) to approximate
representations of quantity that undergird basic math abilities. The goal of this review is to …

Short‐term number sense training recapitulates long‐term neurodevelopmental changes from childhood to adolescence

Y Park, Y Zhang, H Chang, V Menon - Developmental Science, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Number sense is fundamental to the development of numerical problem‐solving
skills. In early childhood, children establish associations between non‐symbolic (eg, a set of …

[HTML][HTML] Overlap** but separate number representations in the intraparietal sulcus—Probing format-and modality-independence in sighted Braille readers

M Czarnecka, K Rączy, J Szewczyk, M Paplińska… - Cortex, 2023 - Elsevier
Abstract The Triple-Code Model stipulates that numerical information from different formats
and modalities converges on a common magnitude representation in the Intraparietal …

Identifying conceptual neural responses to symbolic numerals

TL Retter, L Eraßmy, C Schiltz - Proceedings B, 2024 - royalsocietypublishing.org
The goal of measuring conceptual processing in numerical cognition is distanced by the
possibility that neural responses to symbolic numerals are influenced by physical stimulus …