Robotic artificial muscles are a subset of artificial muscles that are capable of producing
biologically inspired motions useful for robot systems, ie, large power-to-weight ratios …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review provides an overview of the state of the art in
bioinspired soft robotics by examining advancements in actuation, functionality, modeling …

Various actuators (eg, pneumatics, cables, dielectric elastomers, etc.) have been utilized to
actuate soft robots. Besides widely used actuators, a relatively new artificial muscle—twisted …

Soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) have been widely used in the design of various soft robots
due to their compliance, adaptability, and high force density characteristics. However, it is a …

Twisted string actuators (TSAs) convert rotational motion from twisting into linear motion.
They are known for high energy efficiency, and large linear strain and stress outputs …

Continuum robots offer the dexterity and obstacle circumvention capabilities necessary to
enable surgery in deep surgical sites. They also can enable joint-level ex situ force sensing …

Twisted and coiled actuators (TCAs) have recently emerged as a promising artificial muscle
for various robotic applications because they are strong, low cost, and customizable. To …

Recent advances in robotic systems have increased the need for various kinds of robots in
many fields, such as aerospace and medical. Utilizing hard robots in such fields can cause …

Super-coiled polymer (SCP) artificial muscles have many attractive properties, such as high
energy density, large contractions, and good dynamic range. To fully utilize them for robotic …

Super-coiled polymer (SCP) artificial muscles demonstrate a number of desirable properties,
like high power density, inherent compliance, light weight, and lowcost. However, the …