Microbial dissimilatory sulfate reduction to sulfide is a predominant terminal pathway of
organic matter mineralization in the anoxic seabed. Chemical or microbial oxidation of the …

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere has changed
ocean biogeochemistry and threatened the health of organisms through a process known as …

Soils represent the largest carbon reservoir within terrestrial ecosystems. The mechanisms
controlling the amount of carbon stored and its feedback to the climate system, however …

Human inputs of nutrients to coastal waters can lead to the excessive production of algae, a
process known as eutrophication. Microbial consumption of this organic matter lowers …

Organic carbon in marine sediments is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and
its degradation influences a wide range of phenomena, including the magnitude of carbon …

The majority of life on Earth—notably, microbial life—occurs in places that do not receive
sunlight, with the habitats of the oceans being the largest of these reservoirs. Sunlight …

Iron (Fe) has long been a recognized physiological requirement for life, yet for many
microorganisms that persist in water, soils and sediments, its role extends well beyond that …

The ability of microorganisms to withstand long periods with extremely low energy input has
gained increasing scientific attention in recent years. Starvation experiments in the …

The organic matter that escapes decomposition is buried and preserved in marine
sediments, with much debate as to whether the amount depends on bottom-water O 2 …

The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2) will almost certainly be double
that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during …