Costimulatory signals initiated by the interaction between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
ligand and cognate TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies promote clonal expansion …

After binding its natural ligand cluster of differentiation 70 (CD70), CD27, a tumor necrosis
factor receptor (TNFR)‐associated factor‐binding member of the TNFR family, regulates …

Salmonella enterica is a genetically broad species harboring isolates that display
considerable antigenic heterogeneity and significant differences in virulence potential …

Vaccination via the oral administration of an antigen faces many challenges, including
gastrointestinal (GI) proteolysis and mucosal barriers. To limit GI proteolysis, a …

OX40 is one of the co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells, and it is engaged by
OX40L, primarily expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells …

Salmonella infections can cause a range of intestinal and systemic diseases in human and
animal hosts. Although some Salmonella serovars initiate a localized intestinal inflammatory …

There are multiple, distinct B-cell populations in human beings and other animals such as
mice. In the latter species, there is a well-characterized subset of B-cells known as B1 cells …

Dysregulated signaling from TNF and TNFR proteins is implicated in several immune-
mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This review centers around seven IMIDs …

NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a central component of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling
pathway. Although NIK has been extensively studied for its function in the regulation of …

Clearance of disseminated Salmonella infection requires bacterial‐specific Th1 cells and
IFN‐γ production, and Th1‐promoting vaccines are likely to help control these infections …