The Alberta oil sands contain one of the world's largest reserves of oil–over 169 billion
barrels of bitumen are economically recoverable with current extraction technologies …

Naphthenic acids, NAs (classical formula CnH2n+ zO2, where n is the carbon numbers, z
represents zero or negative even integers), found in oil sands process waters (OSPWs), are …

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) has emerged as a major method of unconventional oil and gas
recovery. The toxicity of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (HF-FPW) has not …

The Athabasca Oil Sands industry produces large volumes of oil sands process-affected
water (OSPW) as a result of bitumen extraction and upgrading processes. Constituents of …

Pickering emulsions have recently emerged as versatile systems capable of targeting many
applications of wastewater treatment. The unique properties, which include high emulsion …

Due to a policy of no release, oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), produced by the
surface-mining oil sands industry in North Eastern Alberta, Canada, is stored on-site in …

Water is integral to both operational and environmental aspects of the oil sands industry. A
water treatment option based on the use of petroleum coke (PC), a by-product of bitumen …

Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is the water contained in tailings impoundment
structures in oil sands operations. There are concerns about the environmental impacts of …

Large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) are produced during the
extraction of bitumen from oil sands in Alberta, Canada. The degradation of a model …

The toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has been primarily attributed to
polar organic constituents, including naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs). Our …