Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Artificial intelligence-driven advances in protein structure prediction in recent years have
raised the question: has the protein structure-prediction problem been solved? Here, with a …

Emotional states influence bodily physiology, as exemplified in the top-down process by
which anxiety causes faster beating of the heart,–. However, whether an increased heart …

Channelrhodopsins are used widely for optical control of neurons, in which they generate
photoinduced proton, sodium or chloride influx. Potassium (K+) is central to neuron …

The electric excitability of muscle, heart, and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of
Na+-and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic …

Transmembrane (TM) proteins are major drug targets, but their structure determination, a
prerequisite for rational drug design, remains challenging. Recently, the DeepMind's …

Phonation critically depends on precise controls of laryngeal muscles in coordination with
ongoing respiration. However, the neural mechanisms governing these processes remain …

The artificial intelligence program AlphaFold 2 is revolutionizing the field of protein structure
determination as it accurately predicts the 3D structure of two thirds of the human proteome …

The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in the simultaneous measurement of
neuronal activity across many brain regions, enabling fundamentally new explorations of the …

Neuronal ensembles are groups of neurons with correlated activity associated with sensory,
motor, and behavioral functions. To explore how ensembles encode information, we …