Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency-
based exchange. This method of contingent exchange thrives in both autocracies and …

Populism is on the rise in Europe and the Americas. Scholars increasingly understand
populist forces in terms of their ideas or discourse, one that envisions a cosmic struggle …

Although the study of populism has traditionally been the domain of Latin Americanists,
research here has become increasingly comparative. One of the most important payoffs of …

Conventional wisdom suggests that partisanship has little impact on voter behavior in Brazil;
what matters most is pork-barreling, incumbent performance, and candidates' charisma. This …

In this chapter, the authors start by presenting the ideational definition of populism. The
ideational definition of populism has three main parts: a Manichean and moral cosmology; …

When and why do governments promote women's rights? Through comparative analysis of
state action in seventy countries from 1975 to 2005, this book shows how different women's …

Throughout the twentieth century, much of the population in Latin America lacked access to
social protection. Since the 1990s, however, social policy for millions of outsiders-rural …

Why do some societies manage to control corruption so that it manifests itself only
occasionally, while other societies remain systemically corrupt? This book is about how …

Abstract Although scholars of West European politics have long debated whether the
region's highly institutionalised party systems were becoming de‐aligned and electorally …

Introduction the puzzles of religious influenCe on politiCs in late 1988, a group of Catholic
bishops met privately with communist officials in a polish parliamentary commission. their …