Macrophages are a diverse set of cells present in all body compartments. This diversity is
imprinted by their ontogenetic origin (embryonal versus adult bone marrow–derived cells); …

Fibrosis progression in the lung commonly results in impaired functional gas exchange,
respiratory failure, or even death. In addition to the aberrant activation and differentiation of …

Macrophages respond to microbial ligands and various noxious cues by initiating an
inflammatory response aimed at eliminating the original pathogenic insult. Transition of …

Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the
signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad …

Despite development in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury
(ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the underlying mechanism still needs to …

Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order
to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to …

Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal
integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of haematopoietic cell fate
decisions. They act by negatively regulating the expression of key immune development …

Background Within the last few years, it has become evident that LPS-preconditioned
mesenchymal stromal cells (LPS pre-MSCs) show enhanced paracrine effects, including …

Chronic overnutrition and obesity induces low-grade inflammation throughout the body.
Termed “meta-inflammation,” this chronic state of inflammation is mediated by macrophages …