BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

Drought events are increasing globally, and reports of consequent forest mortality are
widespread. However, due to a lack of a quantitative global synthesis, it is still not clear …

This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building,
evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of …

Background Changes in Earth's climate over time can be measured in many ways. The
different metrics available represent alternative dimensions of climate change, each with …

The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in
response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of …

Climate change will have far-reaching impacts on biodiversity, including increasing
extinction rates. Current approaches to quantifying such impacts focus on measuring …

Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the
next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited …

Limiting climate change to less than 2° C is the focus of international policy under the
climate convention (UNFCCC), and is essential to preventing extinctions, a focus of the …

Greenhouse gas emissions have significantly altered global climate, and will continue to do
so in the future. Increases in the frequency, duration, and/or severity of drought and heat …

As the rate and magnitude of climate change accelerate, understanding the consequences
becomes increasingly important. Species distribution models (SDMs) based on current …