Ecosystem services are natural processes that benefit humans. Birds contribute the four
types of services recognized by the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment—provisioning …

Pollination is the primary step in seed formation. Pollination biologists have shown that
pollination failure can occur at all steps in the dispersal process and at several different …

While most efforts at biodiversity conservation have focused primarily on protected areas
and reserves, the unprotected lands surrounding those area—the" matrix"—are equally …

We present a general framework for characterizing the ecological and societal
consequences of biodiversity loss and applying it to the global avifauna. To investigate the …

Habitat loss and degradation that comes as a result of human activity is the single biggest
threat to biodiversity in the world today. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change is a …

Parasitic plants have profound effects on the ecosystems in which they occur. They are
represented by some 4000 species and can be found in most major biomes. They acquire …

Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the
female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural …

▪ Abstract Mistletoes are a diverse group of parasitic plants with a worldwide distribution. The
hemiparasitic growth form is critical to understanding their biology, buffering variation in …

Textbooks on the principles of conservation biology abound. Yet, how does one put this
theoretical knowledge into practice? The aim of The Conservation Handbook is to provide …

The ecological significance of spacing among plants in contributing to the maintenance of
species richness, particularly in tropical forests, has received considerable attention that has …