Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which brief episodes of a sublethal insult induce robust
protection against subsequent lethal injuries. Preconditioning has been observed in multiple …

A major component of consolidation theory holds that protein synthesis is required to
produce the synaptic modification needed for long-term memory storage. Protein synthesis …

Background Aging is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke and worsens its outcome.
However, the mechanisms for this worsened neurological outcome with aging are not clearly …

Background: Pre-exposure of brain to isoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic, induces
ischemic tolerance. This phenomenon is called isoflurane preconditioning. However, it is not …

This review will focus on inhalational anesthetic neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia
and inhalational anesthetic preconditioning before ischemic brain injury. The limitations and …

In the area of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, a plethora of experimental and
clinical evidence strongly indicates the promise of therapeutically exploiting the endogenous …

1 Xenon is an anesthetic with minimal hemodynamic side effects, making it an ideal agent
for cardiocompromised patients. We investigated if xenon induces pharmacological …

Brain ischemia is one of the most common causes of death and the leading cause of adult
disability in the world. Brain ischemic preconditioning (BIP) refers to a transient, sublethal …

The neuroprotective properties for certain medical gases have been observed for decades,
leading to extensive research that has been widely reported and continues to garner …

Each year, about six million children, including 1.5 million infants, in the United States
undergo surgery with general anesthesia, often requiring repeated exposures. However, a …