This review summarizes our current understanding of translation in prokaryotes, focusing on
the mechanistic and structural aspects of each phase of translation: initiation, elongation …

The sequential addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain is carried out by the
ribosome in a complicated multistep process called the elongation cycle. It involves accurate …

Ribosomes accurately decode mRNA by proofreading each aminoacyl-tRNA that is
delivered by the elongation factor EF-Tu. To understand the molecular mechanism of this …

Protein synthesis occurs on macromolecular machines, called ribosomes. Bacterial
ribosomes and the translational machinery represent one of the major targets for antibiotics …

Introduction: One of the most critical and complex steps of protein synthesis is the coupled
translocation of mRNA and tRNAs (mRNA and tRNAs) through the ribosome, catalyzed by …

Eubacteria inactivate their ribosomes as 100 S dimers or 70 S monomers upon entry into
stationary phase. In Escherichia coli, 100 S dimer formation is mediated by ribosome …

Introduction After peptidyl transfer, the movement of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer
RNAs (tRNAs) with respect to the ribosome places the next mRNA codon in the A site. This …

Obg proteins are a family of P-loop GTPases, conserved from bacteria to human. The Obg
protein in Escherichia coli (ObgE) has been implicated in many diverse cellular functions …

During protein synthesis, tRNAs and their associated mRNA codons move sequentially on
the ribosome from the A (aminoacyl) site to the P (peptidyl) site to the E (exit) site in a …

Protein synthesis is targeted by numerous, chemically distinct antibiotics that bind and inhibit
key functional centers of the ribosome. Using single-molecule imaging and X-ray …