Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Recent work has advanced our knowledge of phasic dopamine reward prediction error
signals. The error signal is bidirectional, reflects well the higher order prediction error …

Reinforcement systems are believed to drive synaptic plasticity within neural circuits that
store memories. Recent evidence from the fruit fly suggests that anatomically distinct …

Afferent inputs to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) control reward-related behaviors through
regulation of dopamine neuron activity. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) provides one of the …

The brain has a remarkable but underappreciated capacity to limit memory formation and
expression. The term" memory suppressor gene" was coined in 1998 as an attempt to …

The striatum regulates motor control, reward and learning. Abnormal function of striatal
GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) is believed to contribute to the deficits in these …

A large body of neuroimaging literature suggests that distributed regions in the brain form
coordinated largescale networks that show reliable patterns of connectivity when observed …

Dopamine has a crucial and well-documented role in the development and maintenance of
Gambling Disorder (GD). This systematic review adopts a translational approach aimed at …

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and impairing disorder affecting
millions of children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with ADHD smoke cigarettes at …

The investigation of impulsivity as a core marker of several major neuropsychiatric disorders
has been greatly influenced by the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that block the reuptake of …