Abstract Traditionally, Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) has focused on instructional methods to
decrease extraneous cognitive load so that available cognitive resources can be fully …

Although the theoretical framework of cognitive load theory has acknowledged a role for the
learning environment, the specific characteristics of the physical learning environment that …

In this article, we discuss cognitive load measurement techniques with regard to their
contribution to cognitive load theory (CLT). CLT is concerned with the design of instructional …

Ten Steps to Complex Learning presents a path from an educational problem to a solution in
a way that students, practitioners, and researchers can understand and easily use. Students …

Cognitive load is a theoretical notion with an increasingly central role in the educational
research literature. The basic idea of cognitive load theory is that cognitive capacity in …

Complex learning aims at the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes; the coordination
of qualitatively different constituent skills; and the transfer of what is learned to daily life or …

Methods of instruction which are intended to facilitate understanding tend to incorporate all
the information elements required for understanding in the instructions. Frequently, these …

Example-based learning has been studied from different perspectives. Cognitive research
has mainly focused on worked examples, which typically provide students with a written …

This article revisits measure of instructional efficiency, which can be applied by educational
researchers to compare the effects of different instructional conditions on learning. This …

Research has demonstrated that instruction that relies more heavily on example study is
more effective for novices' learning than instruction consisting of problem solving …