Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a promising psychophysical biomarker of central pain
mechanisms because it significantly discriminates patients with chronic pain from healthy …

Background Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach,
showing promise in the treatment of patients with a variety of diseases. This study aimed to …

Background Chronic pain negatively affects human life. Chronic pain is multidimensional.
Therefore, a multidimensional approach that focuses on the biologic, psychological …

Background The fear avoidance components scale (FACS) evaluates patients' cognitive,
emotional and behavioral fear avoidance behavior. The aim of the study was to conduct the …

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of culture-sensitive and standard pain neuroscience
education (PNE) on pain knowledge, pain intensity, disability, and pain cognitions in first …

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pain neuroscience
education (PNE) in addition to usual treatment in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome …

Objective Examine how rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy differed from other shoulder problems
(OSP) by measuring a variety of self‐reported bio‐psycho‐social factors, and establish …

Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) leads to pain, stiffness, and functional impairment and
eventually decreased level of the quality of life. Although several treatment methods have …

Background: Catastrophizing is an important psychological construct in mediating the
behavioral response toward pain. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the …

Background Previous evidence indicates significant association between genetic
polymorphisms and phenotypes related to pain sensitivity in patients with …