Current pesticide risk assessment for bees relies on a single (social) species, the western
honey bee, Apis mellifera L.(Hymenoptera: Apidae). However, most of the> 20,000 bee …

Chalkbrood is a fungal disease of honey bee brood caused by Ascosphaera apis. This
disease is now found throughout the world, and there are indications that chalkbrood …

In the US, the cultivated area (hectares) and production (tonnes) of crops that require or
benefit from insect pollination (directly dependent crops: apples, almonds, blueberries …

The prospect that a global pollination crisis currently threatens agricultural productivity has
drawn intense recent interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public [1–5]. To …

Abstract Background and Aims Productivity of many crops benefits from the presence of
pollinating insects, so a decline in pollinator abundance should compromise global …

There is evidence that pollinators are declining as a result of local and global environmental
degradation [1–4]. Because a sizable proportion of the human diet depends directly or …

Human welfare depends on the amount and stability of agricultural production, as
determined by crop yield and cultivated area. Yield increases asymptotically with the …

The honey bee is a major pollinator whose health is of global concern. Declines in bee
health are related to multiple factors, including resource quality and pesticide contamination …

Diptera are one of the three largest and most diverse animal groups in the world. As an often
neglected but important group of pollinators, they play a significant role in agrobiodiversity …

1 Declining numbers in honeybees and various wild bee species pose a threat to global
pollination services. The identification and quantification of the pollination service provided …