Central nervous system (CNS) innate immunity plays essential roles in infections,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain or spinal cord injuries. Astrocytes and microglia are …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are part of the innate immune response and were
originally discovered for their role in recognizing pathogens by ligating specific pathogen …

The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have
already been affected. One of its after-effects is post-COVID depression, which, according to …

The discovery of mammalian TLRs (Toll-like receptors), first identified in 1997 based on their
homology with Drosophila Toll, greatly altered our understanding of how the innate immune …

Microglia are key players of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and,
being the resident innate immune cells, they are responsible for the early control of …

The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for a
variety of diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern‐recognition receptors expressed on cells of
the innate immune system that allow for the recognition of conserved structural motifs on a …

The immunologic privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) makes it crucial that CNS
resident cells be capable of responding rapidly to infection. Astrocytes have been reported …

Abstract The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of microbe-sensing receptors that play a
central role in the regulation of the host immune system. TLR4 has been described in the …

Differential diagnosis of brain lesion pathologies is complex, but it is nevertheless crucial for
appropriate clinical management. Advanced imaging methods, including diffusion-weighted …