Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those
that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for …

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on
exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using the …

The characteristics of the radius valley, ie an observed lack of planets between 1.5 and 2
Earth radii at periods shorter than about 100 d, provide insights into the formation and …

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV)/X-ray photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models
are both capable of reproducing the bimodality in the sizes of small, close-in exoplanets …

During the first billion years of their life, exoplanet atmospheres are modified by different
atmospheric escape phenomena that can strongly affect the shape and morphology of the …

The observed exoplanet population features a gap in the radius distribution that separates
the smaller super-Earths (≲ 1.7 Earth radii) from the larger sub-Neptunes (∼ 1.7–4 Earth …

The next step on the path toward another Earth is to find atmospheres similar to those of
Earth and Venus—high–molecular-weight (secondary) atmospheres—on rocky exoplanets …

A planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. Besides its scientific significance
among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely …

Superflares may provide the dominant source of biologically relevant UV radiation to rocky
habitable-zone M-dwarf planets (M-Earths), altering planetary atmospheres and conditions …

The radius valley, a bifurcation in the size distribution of small, close-in exoplanets, is
hypothesized to be a signature of planetary atmospheric loss. Such an evolutionary …