Many types of human cells self-destruct to maintain biological homeostasis and defend the
body against pathogenic substances. This process, called regulated cell death (RCD), is …

Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, maintaining the activity of
enzymes and the function of transcription factors. However, at high concentrations, copper …

Cuproptosis is a new cell death that depends on copper (Cu) ionophores to transport Cu into
cancer cells, which induces cell death. However, existing Cu ionophores are small …

Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by unrestricted
lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Although GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) plays …

Cuproptosis is a newly identified form of cell death driven by copper. Recently, the role of
copper and copper triggered cell death in the pathogenesis of cancers have attracted …

Copper is an essential cofactor for all organisms, and yet it becomes toxic if concentrations
exceed a threshold maintained by evolutionarily conserved homeostatic mechanisms. How …

Cuproptosis is a novel type of copper-induced cell death that primarily occurs in cells that
utilize oxidative phosphorylation as the main metabolic pathway to produce energy. Copper …

Copper, an essential trace element that exists in oxidized and reduced forms, has pivotal
roles in a variety of biological processes, including redox chemistry, enzymatic reactions …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a specialized shield on tumor cells that evades the
immune system. Even inhibited by PD-L1 antibodies, a cycling process constantly transports …

Copper and other trace metals are essential for life. However, it is important that these
metals are present at the right amount in cells. Too little metal can impair the function of …