All multicellular organisms host microbial communities in and on their bodies, and these
microbiomes can have major influences on host biology. Most research has focussed on the …

Host and parasite evolution are closely intertwined, with selection for adaptations and
counter‐adaptations forming a coevolutionary feedback loop. Coevolutionary dynamics are …

Animal behaviour and the ecology and evolution of parasites are inextricably linked. For this
reason, animal behaviourists and disease ecologists have been interested in the …

Predators often cause prey to adopt defensive strategies that reduce predation risk. The
'ecology of fear'examines these trait changes and their consequences. Similarly, parasites …

The duration of the evolutionary association between a pathogen and vector can be inferred
based on the strength of their mutualistic interactions. A well-adapted pathogen is likely to …

Evolutionary theory explains why metazoan species are largely protected against the
negative fitness effects of cancers. Nevertheless, cancer is often observed at high incidence …

Behavioural and physiological resistance are key to slowing epidemic spread. We explore
the evolutionary and epidemic consequences of their different costs for the evolution of …

It is widely recognised that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can have important implications for
evolution. However, many models of host-parasite coevolution omit eco-evolutionary …

Infection prior to reproduction usually carries greater fitness costs for hosts than infection
later in life, suggesting selection should tend to favour juvenile resistance. Yet, juveniles are …

Background Sexual dimorphism in immunity is believed to reflect sex differences in
reproductive strategies and trade-offs between competing life history demands. Sexual …