A celebrated and controversial hypothesis suggests that some biological systems—parts,
aspects, or groups of them—may extract important functional benefits from operating at the …

The deformation and flow of disordered solids, such as metallic glasses and concentrated
emulsions, involves swift localized rearrangements of particles that induce a long-range …

The past 25 years have seen a strong increase in the number of publications related to
criticality in different areas of neuroscience. The potential of criticality to explain various …

When the probability of measuring a particular value of some quantity varies inversely as a
power of that value, the quantity is said to follow a power law, also known variously as Zipf's …

"" Growing Artificial Societies" is a milestone in social science research. It vividly
demonstrates the potential of agent-based computer simulation to break disciplinary …

To understand whether the 1992 M= 7.4 Landers earthquake changed the proximity to
failure on the San Andreas fault system, we examine the general problem of how one …

and acknowledgments Self-organized criticality is a new way of viewing nature. The basic
picture is one where nature is perpetually out of balance, but organized in a poised state-the …

This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment
of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The …

Many of life's most fascinating phenomena emerge from interactions among many elements—
many amino acids determine the structure of a single protein, many genes determine the …

Over the past two decades percolation theory has been used to explain and model a wide
variety of phenomena that are of industrial and scientific importance. Examples include …