When stimuli from the environment are perceived to be a threat or potential threat then
animals initiate stress responses, with activation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis …

Experience in aggressive contests often affects behaviour during, and the outcome of, later
contests. This review discusses evidence for, variations in, and consequences of such …

The challenge hypothesis (Wingfield et al. 1990, American Naturalist, 136, 829–846)
predicts varying androgen responses to mating, breeding or territorial behaviour in avian …

Theoreticians predict that animal 'personality'traits may be maladaptive if fixed throughout
different contexts, so the present study aimed to test whether these traits are fixed or plastic …

An important question in state-dependent behaviour is how multiple influences on state are
integrated to determine current behaviour. Aggressive behaviour is known to be affected by …

Social experience influences the outcome of conflicts such that winners are more likely to
win again and losers will more likely lose again, even against different opponents. Although …

Males of many species must allocate limited energy budgets between mating and parenting
effort. The Challenge Hypothesis provides a framework for understanding these life-history …

Fighting behaviour in adult male copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes,
Viperidae), was investigated in the laboratory to assess the relative importance of body size …

Chronic exposure to stressors increases HPA axis activity and concomitantly reduces HPG
axis activity. This antagonistic relationship between both these axes has been proposed to …

In male birds, the responsiveness of androgens to sexual and territorial behaviour is
predicted to vary with mating system and the degree of paternal investment ('challenge …