Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is currently the only Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)-approved osteoinductive growth factor used as a bone graft substitute. However, with …

Background context Increasingly, reports of frequent and occasionally catastrophic
complications associated with use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 …

Study Design A retrospective study including 179 patients who underwent oblique lumbar
interbody fusion (OLIF) at one institution. Purpose To report the complications associated …

Study Design. Prospective analysis of 600 extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) approach
procedures for intraoperative and perioperative complications. Objective. To delineate and …

Object A primary consideration of all spinal fusion procedures is restoration of normal
anatomy, including disc height, lumbar lordosis, foraminal decompression, and sagittal …

Study Design. A retrospective review of patients treated at 2 institutions with anterior lumbar
interbody fusion using a minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal approach, and review of …

Study Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected cohort data. Objective
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment …

An anterior approach to the lumbar spine is increasingly used in performing fusion.
Depending on the level to be treated, several approaches have been developed to deal with …

Abstract Background Context Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a frequently used
technique for the treatment of lumbar pathology. Despite its overall success, LLIF has been …

Bone morphogenetic proteins have been in use in spinal surgery since 2002. These
proteins are members of the TGF-beta superfamily and guide mesenchymal stem cells to …