Macrophages, circulating in the blood or concatenated into different organs and tissues
constitute the first barrier against any disease. They are foremost controllers of both innate …

Diversity and plasticity are two hallmarks of macrophages. M1 macrophages (classically
activated macrophages) are pro-inflammatory and have a central role in host defense …

Endocannabinoids acting via CB 1 receptors (CB 1 R) play a critical role in regulating
energy homeostasis, which was the rationale for the pharmaceutical development of CB 1 R …

Neutrophils and macrophages are major components of innate systems, playing central
roles in inflammation responses to infections and tissue injury. If they are out of control …

Chronic nonhealing wounds in the elderly population are associated with a prolonged and
excessive inflammatory response, which is widely hypothesized to impede healing. Previous …

Peptide‐drug conjugates (PDCs) are an important class of therapeutic agents that combine
one or more active molecules with a short peptide via a biodegradable spacer to generate …

Simple Summary Spore-forming probiotics are widely used in the poultry industry for their
beneficial impact on host health. The main feature that separates spore-forming probiotics …

Since the discovery of nitric oxide (NO), an intracellular signal transmitter, the role of NO has
been investigated in various organs. In the respiratory system, NO derived from the …

Macrophages exert prominent effects in the defense of the respiratory tract from airborne
pathogens. These cells are specialized to recognize, phagocytose, and destroy these …

In this study we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanisms of pirfenidone
(PF) in paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Lung injury was induced by …