The protein α‐synuclein has a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD).
In this review, we discuss recent results concerning its primary function, which appears to be …

The purification of coated vesicles and the discovery of clathrin by Barbara Pearse in 1975
was a landmark in cell biology. Over the past 40 years, work from many labs has uncovered …

In neurons, the loading of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles uses energy from proton-
pum** vesicular-or vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases). These …

Axons are ultrathin membrane cables that are specialized for the conduction of action
potentials. Although their diameter is variable along their length, how their morphology is …

Neurotransmission is sustained by endocytosis and refilling of synaptic vesicles (SVs)
locally within the presynapse. Until recently, a consensus formed that after exocytosis, SVs …

Neurotransmission is the electrical impulse-triggered propagation of signals between
neurons or between neurons and other cell types such as skeletal muscle cells. Recent …

Exocytosis and endocytosis are essential physiological processes and are of prime
importance for brain function. Neurotransmission depends on the Ca 2+-triggered …

Clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) mediates the cellular uptake of many extracellular
ligands, receptors, and pathogens, including several life-threatening bacterial toxins and …

Endocytosis mediates the uptake of extracellular proteins, micronutrients and
transmembrane cell surface proteins. Importantly, many viruses, toxins and bacteria hijack …

Highlights•Reaction to stress, chemotaxis or synaptic vesicle exocytosis requires fast
endocytosis.•Clathrin-mediated endocytosis may be too slow to regulate fast physiological …