Miniature species within the South American freshwater fish fau-na are listed and their
phylogenetic and ecological distribution is analyzed. Criteria used in identifying miniature …

The construction of organisms from units that develop under semi–autonomous genetic
control (modules) has been proposed to be an important component of their ability to …

The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and
subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Family names …

Abstract Background With nearly 1,100 species, the fish family Characidae represents more
than half of the species of Characiformes, and is a key component of Neotropical freshwater …

The family Characidae is the most diverse among Neotropical fishes. Systematics of this
family are mainly based on pre-cladistic papers, and only recently a phylogenetic hypothesis …

The history of ostariophysan classification is summarized and it is noted that traditional
concepts of relationships have never been supported by characters found to be unique to …

Understanding how and why certain clades diversify greatly in morphology whereas others
do not remains a major theme in evolutionary biology. Projecting families of phylogenies into …

The family Characidae, including more than 1000 species, lacks a phylogenetic diagnosis,
with many of its genera currently considered as incertae sedis. The aims of the present study …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of
Prochilodus species in the Paraná, Amazonas, Orinoco, and Magdalena basins. Sequences …

Suprafamilial relationships among characiform fishes and implications for the taxonomy and
biogeographic history of the Characiformes were investigated by parsimony analysis of four …