In the wake of the worldwide increase in type-2 diabetes, a major focus of research is
understanding the signaling pathways impacting this disease. Insulin signaling regulates …

Few physiological parameters are more tightly and acutely regulated in humans than blood
glucose concentration. The major cellular mechanism that diminishes blood glucose when …

This review will provide insight on the current understanding of the regulation of insulin
signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions through modulations that occur …

Inflammation is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Proinflammatory cytokines
produced by adipose tissue in obesity could alter insulin signaling and action. Recent …

Recent studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy have shown that decreased insulin-
stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis due to a defect in insulin-stimulated glucose transport …

Cells in the renal inner medulla are normally exposed to extraordinarily high levels of NaCl
and urea. The osmotic stress causes numerous perturbations because of the hypertonic …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen molecules have been typically viewed as the toxic by-
products of metabolism. However, accumulating evidence has revealed that reactive …

Cellular response to environmental, physiological, or chemical stress is key to survival
following injury or disease. Here we describe a unique signaling mechanism by which cells …

Background: Resistin, a cysteine-rich polypeptide encoded by the RETN gene, which plays
an important role in many mechanisms in rodent studies, including lipid metabolism …

Hyperosmotic stress is an often overlooked process that potentially contributes to a number
of human diseases. Whereas renal hyperosmolarity is a well-studied phenomenon, recent …