Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and
mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range …

Supercontinents signify self-organization in plate tectonics. Over the past~ 2 billion years,
three major supercontinents have been identified, with increasing age: Pangaea, Rodinia …

If we accept that a critical condition for plate tectonics is the creation and maintenance of a
global network of narrow boundaries separating multiple plates, then to argue for plate …

Bathyarchaeia, as one of the most abundant microorganisms on Earth, play vital roles in the
global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of their origin, evolution, and ecological …

The nine editions of Stable Isotope Geochemistry have appeared over a time span of nearly
50 years. The first edition (1973) appeared as a slim book of 135 pages. Due to the rapid …

The geodynamic processes that formed Earth's earliest continents are intensely debated.
Particularly, the transformation from ancient crustal nuclei into mature Archaean cratons is …

Earth's persistent habitability since the Archean remains poorly understood. Using an
oxygen isotope ensemble approach—comprising shale, iron oxide, carbonate, silica, and …

Plate tectonics is among the most important geological processes on Earth, but its
emergence and evolution remain unclear. Here we extrapolate models of present-day plate …

Widespread interaction between meteoric (fresh) water and emerged continental crust on
the early Earth may have been key to the emergence of life, although when the hydrological …

The coexistence of divergent (spreading ridge) and convergent (subduction zone) plate
boundaries at which lithosphere is respectively generated and destroyed is the hallmark of …