Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Abstract N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction plays a key role in
pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Since NMDAR hypofunction has also been reported in …

The adaptive regulation of fear memories is a crucial neural function that prevents
inappropriate fear expression. Fear memories can be acquired through contextual fear …

The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) is a key component of an extensive network of
hippocampal and cortical structures and is a fundamental substrate for cognition. A common …

The neurobiology of schizophrenia involves multiple facets of pathophysiology, ranging from
its genetic basis over changes in neurochemistry and neurophysiology, to the systemic level …

Effective communication across brain areas requires distributed neuronal networks to
dynamically synchronize or decouple their ongoing activity. GABA ergic interneurons lock …

To have a profound understanding of the physiological and pathological processes in a
brain, both chemical and electrical signals need to be recorded, but this is still very …

Sholl analysis has been an important technique in dendritic anatomy for more than 60 years.
The Sholl intersection profile is obtained by counting the number of dendritic branches at a …

The neonatal mammal faces an array of sensory stimuli when diverse neuronal types have
yet to form sensory maps. How these inputs interact with intrinsic neuronal activity to …

As an important subtype of GABAergic interneurons, parvalbumin (PV) interneurons play a
critical role in regulating cortical circuits and neural networks. Abnormalities in the …