In healthcare, the development and deployment of insufficiently fair systems of artificial
intelligence (AI) can undermine the delivery of equitable care. Assessments of AI models …

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) summarize the genetic predisposition of a complex human trait
or disease and may become a valuable tool for advancing precision medicine. However …

We conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment (EA) in a
sample of~ 3 million individuals and identify 3,952 approximately uncorrelated genome …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading contributor to years lost due to disability or premature
death among adults. Current efforts focus on risk prediction and risk factor mitigation ‚which …

Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–
50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and …

Polygenic scores (PGSs) have limited portability across different grou**s of individuals (for
example, by genetic ancestries and/or social determinants of health), preventing their …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have improved in predictive performance, but several
challenges remain to be addressed before PRSs can be implemented in the clinic, including …

Machine learning (ML) systems often exhibit unexpectedly poor behavior when they are
deployed in real-world domains. We identify underspecification in ML pipelines as a key …

Bipolar disorder is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-
wide association study of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European …