Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific
discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer …

The upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein
1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute …

Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate regression of
metastatic melanoma; however, TILs are a heterogeneous population, and there are no …

Head and neck cancers positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) have a more favorable
clinical outcome than HPV-negative cancers, but it is unknown why this is the case. We …

Chronic antigenic stimulation leads to gradual accumulation of late‐differentiated, antigen‐
specific, oligoclonal T cells, particularly within the CD8+ T‐cell compartment. They are …

Background & Aims The upregulation of several inhibitory signalling pathways by exhausted
HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic infection is thought to contribute to viral persistence …

In recent years, a tremendous effort has been devoted to the detailed characterization of the
phenotype and function of distinct T cell subpopulations in humans, as well as to their …

Thorough research on HIV is progressively enabling us to understand the intricate
mechanisms that link HIV‐1 infection to the onset of immunodeficiency. The infection and …

Exhausted CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infections are defined by a complex
expression pattern of inhibitory receptors. However, very little information is currently …

A diverse and well-balanced repertoire of T cells is thought to be crucial for the efficacious
defence against infection with new or re-emerging pathogens throughout life. In the last third …