Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound synthesized by all plant species and is present in
foods such as coffee, wine, tea, and popular medicines such as propolis. This phenolic acid …

Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating disorders that feature progressive and
selective loss of function or structure of anatomically or physiologically associated neuronal …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

Glutaminase 1 is the main enzyme responsible for glutamate production in mammalian cells.
The roles of macrophage and microglia glutaminases in brain injury, infection, and …

During the past few years, an increasing set of evidence has supported the major role of
deregulation of the interaction patterns between glial cells and neurons in the pathway …

Background Helicobacter pylori has changed radically gastroenterologic world, offering a
new concept in patients' management. Over time, more medical data gave rise to diverse …

The innate immune system is equipped with sensitive and efficient machineries to provide
an immediate, first line defense against infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect …

Neurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal
impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress …

Inflammation is secondary to protein accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases, including
Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Emerging evidence indicate …

Some cytokines have been involved in the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer's disease
(LOAD). A possible increase in plasma cytokines levels has been reported in LOAD and …