Background After domestication, the evolution of phenotypically-varied sheep breeds has
generated rich biodiversity. This wide phenotypic variation arises as a result of hidden …

The biomimetic approach rapidly evolves for designing novel lightweight structures and has
been expanding in engineering design. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing permits three …

Horns are used by Bovidae animals for intraspecific combat; as such they are among
Nature's toughest materials that require resistance to extreme loads. As a typical subfamily …

Horns from the Bovidae family represent extremely tough natural composites that resist
flexural and impact damage during combat. However, the microstructure characteristics of …

The study of biological materials and bio‐inspired materials science is well established;
however, surprisingly little knowledge is systematically translated to engineering solutions …

Mantis shrimps use their dactyl club to strike multiple high-velocity impacts against stiff and
hard surfaces. To sustain the loads and dissipate energy, their club has evolved a complex …

Nowadays, very coarse wool fibers are considered waste biomass and are discarded at
random or burned. Therefore, it is of actual interest to valorize coarse wool fibers as utile …

Organic chiral nanofilaments are part of an important class of nanoscale chiral materials that
has recently been receiving significant attention largely due to their potential use in …

Energy-absorbing materials are widely used in transportations, sports, and the military
applications. Particularly, porous materials, including natural and artificial materials, have …

This review describes the formation, structure, and function of bony compartments in antlers,
horns, ossicones, osteoderm and the os penis/os clitoris (collectively referred to herein as …