Transdermal microneedle (MN) patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety
of active compounds into the skin. To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles …

Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic
plasticity and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful …

Inflammation is the body's response to injury and infection, involving a complex biological
response of the somatosensory, immune, autonomic, and vascular systems. Inflammatory …

Neuropathic pain is a frequent condition caused by a lesion or disease of the central or
peripheral somatosensory nervous system. A frequent cause of peripheral neuropathic pain …

Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Currently,
there is no effective treatment for the injured spinal cord. The transplantation of Schwann …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

Sensory memory, formed at the beginning while perceiving and interacting with the
environment, is considered a primary source of intelligence. Transferring such biological …

Pain associated with mechanical, chemical, and thermal heat stimulation of the ocular
surface is mediated by trigeminal ganglion neurons, while cold thermoreceptors detect …

Injury to or disease of the nervous system can invoke chronic and sometimes intractable
neuropathic pain. Many parallel, interdependent, and time-dependent processes, including …

A nociceptor is a critical and special receptor of a sensory neuron that is able to detect
noxious stimulus and provide a rapid warning to the central nervous system to start the …