Cells navigate environments, communicate and build complex patterns by initiating gene
expression in response to specific signals. Engineers seek to harness this capability to …

Biological systems use a variety of mechanisms to maintain their functions in the face of
environmental and genetic perturbations. Increasing evidence suggests that, among their …

Overflow metabolism refers to the seemingly wasteful strategy in which cells use
fermentation instead of the more efficient respiration to generate energy, despite the …

Comparative genomics analyses and high-throughput experimental studies indicate that a
microRNA (miRNA) binds to hundreds of sites across the transcriptome. Although the …

Small RNAs are ubiquitously present regulators in all kingdoms of life. Most bacterial and
archaeal small RNAs (sRNAs) act by antisense mechanisms on multiple target mRNAs …

Research on the discovery and characterization of small, regulatory RNAs in bacteria has
exploded in recent years. These sRNAs act by base pairing with target mRNAs with which …

Protein concentrations are set by a complex interplay between gene-specific regulatory
processes and systemic factors, including cell volume and shared gene expression …

The genetic circuits that regulate cellular functions are subject to stochastic fluctuations, or
'noise', in the levels of their components. Noise, far from just a nuisance, has begun to be …

The behavior of genetic circuits is often poorly predictable. A gene's expression level is not
only determined by the intended regulators, but also affected by changes in ribosome …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules that repress
gene expression in a sequence-dependent manner. We performed single-cell …