During their development and administration, protein-based drugs routinely display
suboptimal therapeutic efficacies due to their poor physicochemical and pharmacological …

The majority of therapeutic proteins display one or more post-translational modifications
(PTMs). These modifications normally influence the biochemical and therapeutic properties …

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FSH is synthesized in the pituitary by gonadotrope cells. By binding to and interacting with
its cognate receptor [FSH receptor (FSHR)] in the gonads, this gonadotropin plays a key role …

Glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) are the most complex molecules with hormonal activity.
They exist only in vertebrates but the genes encoding their subunits' ancestors are found in …

Over the last 20 years, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have become the
major therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with neutropenia. Most of the current G …

It is well accepted that pituitary follitropin is secreted into the circulation as a mixture of
variants, which differ not in primary structure but rather at the level of glycosylation. These …

The gonadotropin receptors LH receptor and FSH receptor play a central role in governing
reproductive competency/fertility. Gonadotropin hormone analogs have been used clinically …

Knowledge on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) structure and mechanism of activation
has profoundly evolved over the past years. The way drugs targeting this family of receptors …

Gonadotropins are the key regulators of ovarian follicles development. They are applied in
therapeutic practice in assisted reproductive technology clinics. In the present review we …