The magnetic fields of the planets, including the Earth, are generated by dynamo action in
their fluid cores. Numerical models of this process have been developed that solve the …

Evidence of fast variations in the Earth's core field are seen both in magnetic observatory
and satellite records. We present here how they have been identified at the Earth's surface …

Direct observations of the geomagnetic field show that secular variation is strong in the
Atlantic hemisphere, and comparatively reduced in the Pacific region. The dipole has been …

The magnetic field inside the Earth's fluid and electrically conducting outer core cannot be
directly probed. The root-mean-squared (rms) intensity for the resolved part of the radial …

We present CHAOS-4, a new version in the CHAOS model series, which aims to describe
the Earth's magnetic field with high spatial and temporal resolution. Terms up to spherical …

Temporal changes in the Earth's magnetic field, known as geomagnetic secular variation,
occur most prominently at low latitudes in the Atlantic hemisphere,(that is, from− 90 degrees …

Continuous satellite measurements of the Earth's magnetic field have advanced the
characterization of spatial‐temporal variations of the main field over the past two decades …

The magnetic field of the Earth is by far the best documented magnetic field of all known
planets. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of its characteristics …

The secular variation of the core field is generally characterized by smooth variations,
sometimes interrupted by abrupt changes, named geomagnetic jerks. The origin of these …

We report a calculation of time‐dependent quasi‐geostrophic core flows for 1940–2010.
Inverting recursively for an ensemble of solutions, we evaluate the main source of …