Machine learning in scanning transmission electron microscopy

SV Kalinin, C Ophus, PM Voyles, R Erni… - Nature Reviews …, 2022 - nature.com
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has emerged as a uniquely powerful
tool for structural and functional imaging of materials on the atomic level. Driven by …

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM): From scanning nanodiffraction to ptychography and beyond

C Ophus - Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019 - cambridge.org
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used for imaging, diffraction,
and spectroscopy of materials down to atomic resolution. Recent advances in detector …

py4DSTEM: A software package for four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy data analysis

BH Savitzky, SE Zeltmann, LA Hughes… - Microscopy and …, 2021 - cambridge.org
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows for imaging, diffraction, and
spectroscopy of materials on length scales ranging from microns to atoms. By using a high …

Disentangling multiple scattering with deep learning: application to strain map** from electron diffraction patterns

J Munshi, A Rakowski, BH Savitzky… - npj Computational …, 2022 - nature.com
A fast, robust pipeline for strain map** of crystalline materials is important for many
technological applications. Scanning electron nanodiffraction allows us to calculate strain …

Accurate measurement of strain at interfaces in 4D-STEM: A comparison of various methods

C Mahr, K Müller-Caspary, T Grieb, FF Krause… - Ultramicroscopy, 2021 - Elsevier
Strain analysis by nano-beam electron diffraction allows for measurements of strain with
nanometre resolution in a large field of view. This is done by evaluating distances between …

A symmetry-derived mechanism for atomic resolution imaging

M Krajnak, J Etheridge - Proceedings of the National Academy of …, 2020 - pnas.org
We introduce an image-contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the …

4D-STEM at interfaces to GaN: Centre-of-mass approach & NBED-disc detection

T Grieb, FF Krause, K Müller-Caspary, R Ritz… - Ultramicroscopy, 2021 - Elsevier
Abstract 4D-scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) can be used to measure
electric fields such as atomic fields or polarization-induced electric fields in crystal …

Transmission electron microscopy of epitaxial semiconductor materials and devices

J Dong, H Bai, Y Deng, S Liu, X Wang… - Journal of Physics D …, 2024 - iopscience.iop.org
The transmission electron microscope (TEM) is a powerful imaging, diffraction and
spectroscopy tool that has revolutionized the field of microscopy. It has contributed to …

Towards the interpretation of a shift of the central beam in nano-beam electron diffraction as a change in mean inner potential

C Mahr, T Grieb, FF Krause, M Schowalter… - Ultramicroscopy, 2022 - Elsevier
The measurement of electric fields in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is
a highly investigated field of research. The constant improvement of spatial resolution in …

4D‐STEM Nanoscale Strain Analysis in van der Waals Materials: Advancing beyond Planar Configurations

M Bolhuis, SE van Heijst, JJM Sangers… - Small …, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Achieving nanoscale strain fields map** in intricate van der Waals (vdW) nanostructures,
like twisted flakes and nanorods, presents several challenges due to their complex …