A drinking water distribution system (DWDS) is the final and essential step to supply safe
and high-quality drinking water to customers. Biological processes, such as biofilm formation …

The microbiological quality of drinking water in municipal water distribution systems (WDS)
depends on several factors. Free residual chlorine and/or chloramines are typically used to …

Opportunistic pathogens represent a unique challenge because they establish and grow
within drinking water systems, yet the factors stimulating their proliferation are largely …

Biofilms on pipe walls in water distribution systems are composed of bacteria in a polymeric
matrix, which can lead to chlorine demand, coliform growth, pipe corrosion and water taste …

Hydraulic water distribution system (WDS) simulation models are widely used by planners,
water utility personnel, consultants and many others involved in analysis, design, operation …

Free chlorine decay rates in water distribution systems for bulk and wall demands should be
modelled separately as they have different functional dependencies. Few good quality …

In this study, multiple roles of biofilm EPS were assessed with respect to the resistance of
biofilm and detached biofilm clusters to chlorine disinfection. Strains from an opportunistic …

The impact of biofilms present in water distribution systems on the microbial quality of
potable water is reported in this review. The issues covered include the composition of …

Sulfadiazine (SDZ) has been frequently detected in surface waters in recent years. We
evaluated the kinetics, mechanisms, intermediate products and bacterial community …

This study used annular reactors (AR) to investigate, under controlled laboratory conditions,
the effects of temperature and biodegradable organic matter (BOM) on the free chlorine …