Depending on the population studied, HIV-1-related neurocognitive impairment is estimated
to impact up to half the population of people living with HIV (PLWH) despite the availability of …

Over the past decades, much have been learned about HIV-1 virus and its molecular
strategies for pathogenesis. However, HIV-1 still remains an enigmatic virus, particularly …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle and serves as the primary site
for intracellular calcium storage, lipid biogenesis, protein synthesis, and quality control …

Cellular integrated stress response (ISR), the mitochondrial unfolded protein response
(UPRmt), and IFN signaling are associated with viral infections. Activating transcription factor …

HIV-Associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is one of the major concerns since it
persists in 40% of this population. Nowadays, HAND neuropathogenesis is considered to be …

Abstract Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a DNA binding transcription factor
belonging to the family of basic Leucine zipper proteins. ATF4 can be activated in response …

HIV-1 and drug abuse have been indissolubly allied as entwined epidemics. It is well-known
that drug abuse can hasten the progression of HIV-1 and its consequences, especially in the …

Several human diseases including viral infections activate the unfolded protein response
(UPR) due to abnormal accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. However, UPR …

HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a major concern in HIV‐infected
individuals despite the currently available antiretroviral therapy regime. Impaired M1 pro …

Abstract HIV-1 transactivator (Tat) protein plays a critical role in neurological disorders
resulting from viral infection, commonly known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive …