Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The
observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with …

Background Climate change is one of the great challenges of our time. The consequences
of climate change on exposed biological subjects, as well as on vulnerable societies, are a …

The Global Climate Risk Index 2021 analyses and ranks to what extent countries and
regions have been affected by impacts of climate related extreme weather events (storms …

Executive summary Land and climate interact in complex ways through changes in forcing
and multiple biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks across different spatial and …

Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural
and built environments (eg, 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm …

The global ocean has warmed substantially over the past century, with far-reaching
implications for marine ecosystems. Concurrent with long-term persistent warming, discrete …

Global vegetation over the past 18,000 years has been transformed first by the climate
changes that accompanied the last deglaciation and again by increasing human pressures; …

Traditional, mainstream definitions of drought describe it as deficit in water‐related variables
or water‐dependent activities (eg, precipitation, soil moisture, surface and groundwater …

This paper provides an updated analysis of observed changes in extreme precipitation
using high-quality station data up to 2018. We examine changes in extreme precipitation …

As climate change research becomes increasingly applied, the need for actionable
information is growing rapidly. A key aspect of this requirement is the representation of …