Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss of those over
the age of 65 in the industrialized world. The prevalence and need to develop effective …

Types of Cell Culture Media Animal cells can be cultured either using a completely natural
medium or an artificial/synthetic medium along with some natural products. Natural Media …

There have been numerous types of animal models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
and retinal neovascularization (RNV). Understanding the pathobiology of CNV and RNV is …

Precision medicine seeks to treat disease with molecular specificity. Advances in genome
sequence analysis, gene delivery, and genome surgery have allowed clinician-scientists to …

Trophic factors are endogenously secreted proteins that act in an autocrine and/or paracrine
fashion to affect vital cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and …

Over 100 million individuals are affected by irreversible visual impairments and blindness
worldwide, while ocular diseases remain a challenging problem despite significant …

CRISPR/Cas, an adaptive immune system in bacteria, has been adopted as an efficient and
precise tool for site-specific gene editing with potential therapeutic opportunities. It has been …

Retinal microglia cells contribute to vascular angiogenesis and vasculopathy induced by
relative hypoxia. However, its concrete molecular mechanisms in sha** retinal …

Objective—Ocular neovascularization (ONV) is a pathological feature of sight-threatening
human diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration …

Objective—Pathological neovascularization is crucial for progression and morbidity of
serious diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular …