ContextPrevious reviews of associations of apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype and coronary
disease have been dominated by smaller studies that are liable to biases. ObjectiveTo …

ABSTRACT The Hordaland Homocysteine Study (HHS) is a population-based study of more
than 18,000 men and women in the county of Hordaland in Western Norway. The first …

In Japan, a super-aged society, deaths from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD), especially cardiac diseases including coronary artery disease (CAD) such as …

Every 5 years, the JAS publishes guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia and
atherosclerosis. To date, this society has released four such guidelines. Since 2007, the JAS …

Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants to make causal inferences about a
modifiable exposure. Subject to a genetic variant satisfying the instrumental variable …

Background Whether a modestly elevated homocysteine level is causally associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease remains unestablished. We conducted a Mendelian …

We respond to criticisms of Mendelian randomization (MR) by Mukamal, Stampfer and Rimm
(MSR). MSR consider that MR is receiving too much attention and should be renamed. We …

Summary Background The MTHFR 677C→ T polymorphism has been associated with
raised homocysteine concentration and increased risk of stroke. A previous overview …

Context The importance of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) pathway in coronary
disease is uncertain. Study of CETP genotypes can help better understand the relevance of …

Establishing causal relationships between environmental exposures and common diseases
is beset with problems of unresolved confounding, reverse causation and selection bias that …