Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction.
Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch …

Molecular sequencing has helped resolve the phylogenetic relationships amongst the
diverse groups of algal, fungal-like and protist organisms that constitute the Chromalveolate …

Bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens establish disease by translocation of
effector proteins into host cells, where they may directly manipulate host innate immunity. In …

Abstract Knowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant
cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and …

Pathogens of plants and animals produce effector proteins that are transferred into the
cytoplasm of host cells to suppress host defenses. One type of plant pathogens, oomycetes …

The plant apoplast is integral to intercellular signalling, transport and plant–pathogen
interactions. Plant pathogens deliver effectors both into the apoplast and inside host cells …

Phytophthora sojae is an oomycete pathogen of soybean, classified in the kingdom
Stramenopiles. It causes 'dam** off'of seedlings and root rot of older plants, with an …

The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of
effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to …

Pathogens use specialized secretion systems and targeting signals to translocate effector
proteins inside host cells, a process that is essential for promoting disease and parasitism …

Potato is the world's fourth largest food crop yet it continues to endure late blight, a
devastating disease caused by the Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Breeding …