This article discusses retinal oxygenation and retinal metabolism by focusing on
measurements made with two of the principal methods used to study O 2 in the retina …

Nitrite is one of the players in the broad nitrogen biogeochemical cycle. This nitrogen oxo-
anion is involved in key pathways crucial to life on Earth and to the planetary “recycling” of …

Much of our understanding of human physiology, and of many aspects of pathology, has its
antecedents in laboratory and clinical studies of hemoglobin. Over the last century …

For a long time, haemoglobin and myoglobin had been assumed to represent the only
globin types of vertebrates. In 2000, however, we discovered a third globin type by mining …

In 2000, the third member of the globin family was discovered in human and mouse brain
and named neuroglobin (Ngb). Ngb is a monomeric 3/3 globin structurally similar to …

Cytoglobin (Cygb) was discovered as a novel type of globin that is expressed in mammals;
however, its functions remain uncertain. While Cygb protects against oxidant stress, the …

Vertebrates at high altitude are subjected to hypoxic conditions that challenge aerobic
metabolism. O2 transport from the respiratory surfaces to tissues requires matching between …

The identity of the specific nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) that serves as the main in vivo
regulator of O2-dependent NO degradation in smooth muscle remains elusive. Cytoglobin …

The functional diversification of the vertebrate globin gene superfamily provides an
especially vivid illustration of the role of gene duplication and whole-genome duplication in …

Background and Purpose—Emerging data suggest that neuroglobin (Ngb) may protect
against hypoxic/ischemic neuronal insults. However, the underlying mechanisms in vivo and …