Purpose: To review various treatment methods in thyroid eye disease (TED) related
strabismus. Methods: We searched in PubMed and Google Scholar and Ovid MEDLINE for …

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the application of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in the
management of strabismus in the adult and pediatric populations. Materials and methods: A …

Objective. To observe the clinical efficacy of periocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide
(TA) and subpalpebral injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) for the treatment of thyroid …

There is a long and extensive experience with the use of Botulinum Toxin type A (BoNT-A)
injection in the treatment of different types of strabismus and oculomotor palsies. The …

Small retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of botulinum toxin in the
treatment of many types of pediatric strabismus, providing some guidance for clinicians to …

Background The authors report a case of a rare complication that occurred after botulinum
toxin injection to the extraocular muscle, which was easily overlooked and successfully …

Purpose To investigate the success rate and surgical dose responses in strabismus surgery
of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods Thirty-three patients (26 men) were …

Purpose: Thyroid eye disease–related retraction and strabismus treatment is complicated by
the activity level of the disease. Botulinum toxin injection can provide relief of symptoms in …

Background Previous techniques resulted with low rates of successful fusion after the
surgeries and high necessity of additional surgeries in the treatment of thyroid orbitopathy …

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the patients with type 1
Duane syndrome and identify the predictive factors for success. Methods Sixteen patients …